Sunday, June 30, 2013
Saturday, June 29, 2013
Thursday, June 27, 2013
Wednesday, June 26, 2013
MS - Word मा नेपाली type गर्दा तर्कुले (जस्तै: ढुकुर type गर्दा) नआउने समस्याको समधान
MS-Word df g]kfnL Font df 6fOk ubf{ ts{'n] - '_ gcfpg] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
Office 2003
Office 2003
· Go to Tools Menu
· Select AutoCorrect Options
· Click AutoFormat as you Type
· Remove the tick mark from "straight quotes" with "smart quotes"
· Click OK
Office 2007
· Click Office Button
· Click Word Options
· Click Proofing
· Click AutoCorrect Options
· Click AutoFormat as you Type
· Remove the tick mark from "straight quotes" with "smart quotes"
· Click OK
· Click Office Button
· Click Word Options
· Click Proofing
· Click AutoCorrect Options
· Click AutoFormat as you Type
· Remove the tick mark from "straight quotes" with "smart quotes"
· Click OK
How to Start Page Numbering from 3rd Page in MS Word?
How to Start Page Numbering from 3rd Page in MS Word?
1. First of all lets have a document
with some pages - let's say (5/10/or any) pages.
2. Place insertion point at the end
of two page or beginning of Third page.
3. From page layout tab in page setup
group, click the break button and choose 'continuous'
4. Now your document
is divided into two section. These two sections are separated by the section
break marks you just inserted in the cursor position.
5. Now, lets insert
page number. For this choose insert Page Number bottom of page (or your desired
position) plain Number 2 (or your preferred number style).
[Now, It will page
number will be applied to all the pages from first to last. Now you need to
remove page numbers from first to Second page and start counting from third.]
6. Turn off the link
to previous button in Navigation Group of Design tab.
7. Now scroll up to second
page and delete page number there.
8. Scroll down to the
second section footer and go to page number format.
9. Mark the 'Start at'
radio button and click OK.
Finally click on close button to close Header & Footer
and return to normal document view.
Tuesday, June 25, 2013
Monday, June 24, 2013
Sunday, June 23, 2013
Saturday, June 22, 2013
WINDOWS 2003
It is an advanced excellent operating system, developed by Microsoft Corporation, U.S.A. It is an improved version of window 3.x and replacement of DOS (Disk Operating System). This operating system controls over all activities of the computer.
There is nothing special you need to start this system. Just turn on the computer (CPU) and wait for just a minute then you will directly enter.
Features of windows 2003:
Ø It has got all features of Dos and windows 3.x.
Ø Managing files and folders.
Ø Controlling Hardware.
Ø Running programs easily.
Ø Controlling over all activities of computer system.
Ø It can accept longer file name up to 255 characters (primary) and up to 3 for extension.
Ø Taskbar facility. It remains your work. All opened programs remain on it.
Ø Finding facility. It finds what you wanted.
Ø It has got Dos.
Ø Online helping facility.
Basic terms related to windows 2003:
Desktop: It is the background area of windows 2003, which consists some important icons, related to computer.
Icons: Icon is the graphical presentation of the computer items. Desktop icons are those icons, remains on the desktop.
Taskbar: Taskbar is the gray/blue horizontal line located at the bottom of the Desktop with start button and indicators. It is especially used for switching opened programs and folder. It can be moved, resized and auto hides.
Moving the taskbar: To move the taskbar form one location to another location. Click anywhere on the taskbar area and hold down the button then drag it up to required location.
My Computer: It is the main leading (location), where all of the items related to computer stored. We can see quickly and easily every items inside it. We can also manage the files and folders by using it.
Recycle Bin: It is a system folder that stores all deleted items when you delete any items, then it store in it, when we can restore or permanently delete the pre delete items from it. It is like dustbin.
To empty the recycle bin:
- Double click on Recycle Bin icon.
- Go to file menu of recycle bin window.
- Click on empty recycle bin.
- Click on yes.
To restore the file:
- Select the file which you want to restore.
- Click on right mouse bottom.
- Click on restore.
Start Button: It is the special button (main way) which is used to start 99% of the programs based another window 2003. It enables you to access.
Program: It displayed a list of programs name and program groups that can be directly used.
Documents: It displays a list of 15 files, which are recently created or open. You can easily open the item (file) without opening running its associated program.
Setting: It displays a list of system components, which lets you to change the any required task.
Find (Search): It helps to find/search an object (file and folder) and its location. It saves your time.
Help: It provides online help. You can get any information related to computer with the help of this option.
Run: It helps to run any program by browsing the location and also used to setup any new program.
Changing systems Date and Time: By default, date/time indicator on the taskbar show the current date and time. But if the given date and time are not correct.
1. Give the double click on date/time indicator on the taskbar.
Or,
- Click on start button.
- Click on setting.
- Click on control panel. Then control panel dialogue box with various icons will appear.
- Give double click on date and time properties box will appear.
- Define required Date (year, month, date) Time (hour, minute, second, AM and PM) and time zone.
Note: Click on Kathmandu.
- Click on apply.
- Click on ok.
Taskbar Properties: This option is used to change the properties of the taskbar.
- Click the right mouse button any where inside the taskbar.
- Choose properties.
Or,
- Click on start button.
- Click on setting.
- Click on Taskbar.
- Then Taskbar properties dialogue box with following option will appear.
- Put and remove the tick mark an/from required options.
- Click on apply.
- Click on ok.
Hiding the taskbar:
- Put the tick mark on auto hide.
- Click on apply.
- Click on close.
To remove the effects: Remove the tick mark from Auto hides. It start button does not exit. Then press start button key from keyboard.
Arranging Desktop Items:
- Click the right mouse button anywhere inside the blank Desktop area.
- Choose Arrange.
- Choose any required options like: by name, by type, by size, by date, auto arrange etc and click on it.
Control Panel: This is a special panel board, which control over all activities of the computer system by using different given options.
Display properties: You can change your desktop (windows environment screen) as your requirement. You can change background (wallpaper) screen saver. Appearance of the items setting etc. you can perform these all task by bringing up display properties dialogue box only. So that to bring this dialogue box.
- Right click the mouse button anywhere inside the blank area of the desktop.
- Click on properties.
Or,
- Click on start button.
- Choose setting.
- Click on control panel.
- Then give double click on display icon.
- Then display properties dialogue box will appear.
Changing Wallpaper: Wall paper is the background area of the desktop.
- Choose background folder (if other folder exit) from display properties dialogue box.
- Click on up or down arrow of wall paper and choose required wallpaper by viewing its sample.
- Also, choose required display type (Tile or center or Stretch).
- Click on Apply.
- Click on ok.
Note: You can also select the required Bitmap image as wallpaper by clicking on browse button and choosing required one.
Changing Screen Saver:
- Choose screen saver folders from Display properties dialogue box.
- Click on dropdown arrow of screen saver and choose required one.
- Click on setting button to set the special effect to the selected screen saver.
- Also define waiting time for screen saver.
- Click on preview button to view the sample.
- Click on Apply.
- Click on ok.
To Add New Printer:
Click on start button.
Choose setting.
Click on control panel.
Click on printer. Then add printer wizard dialogue box will appear.
Give double click on add printer icon.
Click on Next.
Choose manufacturer and printer name and model.
Click on Next.
Again, click on Next.
If you want to print a last page, then choose yes, otherwise choose No.
- Click on finished button.
Fonts:
To view fonts inside the computer:
- Click on start button.
- Choose setting.
- Choose on control panel. Then control panel dialogue box with different icon will appear.
- Double click on font icon. Then font window with various fonts will appear.
- Give double click on required font to display its appearance.
- At last, click on done button to close the font window.
File: File is the collection of related data. It is an electronic record of document, programs, etc. That was named and stored in the computer.
Folder: Folder is the cabinet of files. It is a partitioned space (room) of the storage memory, where we can keep the files.
File name: There are two types of file name. These are:
a) Primary file name.
b) Extension file name.
These two file names are separated by a period. ( ).
.exe: - Application file of all programs.
.doc: - Document of Ms-word.
.xls: - Workbook of Ms-excel.
.ppt: - Presentations of Ms power point.
.bmp: - Bitmap of Ms-paint.
.jpg: - All pictures.
Start menu program: This option is used to add\remove the required programs (and effects) to from the start and start program menu. And also used to clear the documents form start documents menu.
To add the program in the start menu:
- Click on start menu.
- Choose setting and click on control panel.
- Click on taskbar (taskbar from start menu).
Or,
- Right click mouse button anywhere inside the taskbar.
- Choose properties and click it.
- Choose start menu program folder.
- Then the taskbar properties dialogue box with start menu program will appear.
- Click on add button.
- Type select the location and program’s application file name at the command box.
- Click on open.
- Type or select the location and programs application file name at the command box.
- Define required location where you want to place like program, accessories, etc.
- Click on next.
- Give required name for selected program if given name is ok, then don’t change it.
- At last, click on finish button.
- Click on ok.
To remove the programs from start menu:
- Click on remove button.
- Choose required program, which you want to remove.
- Click on remove.
- Click on ok.
Note: Don’t remove group of the programs at once click on button in front of the grouped programs and choose single one storage (secondary memory).
- Hard Disk.
- Floppy Disk.
- Compact Disk (CD).
Hard Disk: It is the main storage device. It consists of all of the computer items as well as documents, created by using all software it lays inside the system board (CPU).
Compact Disk: A Compact Disk is a medium data storage device. It is also called CD. It has a storage capacity greater than floppy disk and less then Hard Disk. Generally, it is used to store computer software, audio and video files. It drive lies the system board.
Windows Explorer: This is one of the Major features of windows 2003. This feature is used for managing files or folder. This helps to explorer or views the items inside the computer with the help of this, we can move, copy, rename, delete and create the items (files and folders).
To run windows explorer:
- Click on start button.
- Choose program.
- Click on window explorer.
Or,
- Right click on start button.
- Click on explorer.
To create a new folder or sub folder:
- Click on the right mouse button anywhere inside its right blank area.
- Choose new.
- Click on folder.
- Then folder icon will appear.
- Then change the name as your requirement.
- At last, press enter key.
To move or copy the items from one location to another location:
Choose the required items, which you want to move or copy in the right side.
Click on right mouse button on it.
Choose cut for moving and copy for copying.
Then specify the target location, where you want to paste.
Click on the right mouse button and choose paste.
Note: You can drag the items up to target location by holding shift key for moving and ctrl key for copying.
To change the name of the items:
- Select the required item.
- Click on the right mouse button.
Or,
- Go to file menu.
- Click on rename.
- Then change the name as your requirement.
- Then press enter key.
Or,
- Select the required item.
- Press F2 button.
- Then change the name as you like required.
- Then press enter key.
To sent a file or folder to a Pen drive:
- Select required files or folders which you want to copy to the pen drive.
- Click on the right mouse button on it.
Or,
- Go to file menu.
- Click on sent to.
- Choose pen drive and click it.
Note: Please make sure that the pen drive is inserted to the USB jack before the action.
Entertainment (Using multimedia):
- CD player (Audio).
- Media player (Video).
Or,
Windows Media Player (Audio and Video).
CD player:
- Click on start button.
- Choose program.
- Choose accessories.
- Click on CD player. Then CD player dialogue box will appear.
- Insert your audio CD into CD-ROM drive.
- Then click on play button.
Note: You can choose required song by clicking dropdown arrow of track and choosing required track no. (i.e. required song no.) You can also edit the song list by using Disk menu.
Media player:
- Click on start button.
- Choose program.
- Choose accessories.
- Choose Multimedia/Entertainment.
- Click on Media player (windows media player). Then media player (windows medial player) will appear.
- Insert your Video CD (VCD) into CD-ROM drive.
- Go to file menu.
- Click on open.
- Choose E: drive.
- Give double click on MPEGAV folder.
- Choose *.dat file or all file.
- Click on open.
- Then click on play button.
Note: You can also use any other related software player like VCD, Power player, etc. for media
Character map: The character map is an accessory of windows 2003. It is always comes with windows. With the help of this feature we can insert different type of symbol and special characters to the documents to make more attractive and meaningful.
- First open any required program and place the cursor at required place, where you want to insert special character/symbol from character map.
- Click on start button.
- Choose program.
- Choose accessories.
- Again choose system tools.
- Choose character map and click on it. Then the character map dialogue box will appear.
- Click on dropdown arrow of font and choose required font.
- Choose required character by clicking left mouse button on it once.
- Click on select button.
- Then the selected character, with appear in the characters to copy box.
- Click on copy button.
- Then switch toward the pre open program.
- Go to edit menu.
- Click on paste.
Calculator: Windows 2003 provides the facility of a calculator both standard and scientific calculators are included. The standard calculator can be used for simple calculator, multiplication, division and scientific calculator can be used or advanced scientific and statistical calculator. The calculator results can be stored in the memory.
- Click on start button.
- Choose program.
- Choose on accessories.
- Choose calculators.
- Then calculator will appear.
- Click on view menu.
- Click on scientific calculator.
- Then calculator will appear.
Keyboard Setting
This option is used to change/control the reaction of keyboard (Character repeat rate) and adjusting cursor blinking rate.
- Give double click a keyboard icon inside the control panel. Then the keyboard properties dialogue box with speed and language folder will appear.
- Choose speed folder.
- Then, adjust repeat delay and repeat rate of the character by clicking on dropdown arrow and dragging towards the long or short & Slow or fast.
- Check your adjustment by testing inside the testing box.
- Again, adjust cursor blinking rate by clicking on dropped.
- Click on Apply.
- Click on ok.
Mouse Setting
Mouse setting: This option is used to change the mouse properties with the help of this option, you can interchange the function of mouse buttons, changing double clicking speed, pointer speed, pointer style, etc.
- Click on start button.
- Choose setting.
- Choose control panel and click it.
- Then control dialogue box with various icons will appear.
- Give double click on mouse icon. Then mouse properties dialogue box with various folder (tabs) will appear.
- Choose button folder (tab) to change button and double clicking speed.
- Choose pointer folder (tab) to change the appearance of the mouse points at different fields of the computer system.
- Choose mouse/pointer option folder (tab) to change the pointer speed (movement) ratio of mouse pointer in the screen and mouse in the mouse pad and adjustment.
- Then click on Apply.
- Click on ok.
Disk Operating System
Microsoft DOS (Disk Operating System)
What is Ms-Dos?
Ms-Dos starts for Microsoft Disk Operating System. Ms-Dos developed by Microsoft Corporation for the International Business Machine (IBM) Computer. Microsoft is a company name that produce computer application so Dos is a that type of application which help the computer to operate. Without Dos computer never operate.
In Dos there are several files and these files are store inside the disk (Hard disk). The file which helps the computer to boot called Dos or System files. They are (i) I.O.sys (ii) Ms-Dos.sys (iii) Command.com.
As a result the computer is operating through the disk which is call dos. Therefore the main function of Dos is to operate the Computer and the Second function of dos is to manage the files of the disk.
Ms-Dos Command: Command is interpreter between man any information what we want to send we have need certain command because without command we can not sent information. There are two types of Ms-Dos command.
i) Internal Command: internal commands are a part of command .com file. All types of internal commands are store into this command. Internal commands are load into the computers memory at the operating time. These commands are: cls, dir, date, time, vol, ver, md, cd, rd, copy, copy con, Del, type, prompt, fc, etc.
ii) External command: External commands are store into their dos directory. External commands have their own file. So we can see them they are not part of command.com file. Some external command are Label, attrib, print, deltree, edit, tree, sys, help, scandisk, defrag, move, xcopy, etc.
I.O sys: The management of input and output (I.O) operations are done by (I.O) says system file. This file can not be seen using dir command it is a hidden file.
Ms-Dos.sys: The system sys in used to store internal command all file. It is also hidden file so it can’t be seen using dir command.
How to start Ms-Dos Program?
- Click on start button.
- Select program.
- Choose accessories.
- Choose Ms-Dos prompt and click it.
You will come to dos prompt, command prompt, c:\>prompt.
How to exit your Ms-Dos Programs?
Exit command: This command is used to return to the windows environment. If you want to exit from dos prompt, type exit and press enter key you will come to windows screen. Then you can open other program as you like.
There are general rules for writing filename. They are as follows:
- File name can’t write more than 8 characters.
- Blank spaces aren’t accepted.
- Upper case and lower case accepted.
- Extensions have maximum of three characters.
- Extensions can be separated from filename by full stop (.).
What is directory?
The collection of files or where we keep that’s file is called directory. In another sense directory is a table of contents for a disk. You have table of contents in your book. It content the name of files their size, last date, modification and address.
Internal command:
Dir (directory): This helps to display the list of file.
E.g.: c:\> dir
Dir/p: display all files with page by page.
Dir/w: display all files with wide columns.
Dir/s: display all files with sub directories.
Dir/ah: display all hidden files.
Dir/as: display all system files.
Dir/ar: display read only files.
Dir *.*: display all list of files.
How to create new file at dos?
- In the prompt c:\> type ‘copy con’ and space ‘file name’ press enter.
- Type your any text.
- After typing, press F6 or press Ctrl + Z. Then appear 1 file(s) copied.
- Type dir command.
Type: It helps to see your pre-saved files.
E.g.: c:\> type ram (file name) press enter key.
Date: It changes current date into new date.
E.g.: c:\> date press enter key.
Time: It changes current time into new time.
E.g.: c:\> time press enter key.
Ren (rename): This command is used to change old filename to new file name.
E.g.: c:\>ren (old file name) (new file name)
c:\> ren ram hari press enter key.
Del (delete): This command is used to delete your special file.
E.g.: c:\>del space filename and press enter key.
c:\>del sanu press enter key.
Vol (volume): This display the volume name of the special drive.
E.g.: c:\>vol space drive name and press enter key.
c:\>vol d: or vol c:
Ver (version): Display the ms dos’s version.
E.g.: c:\>ver press enter key.
Label: This command allows you to change the volume label of your hard disk and floppy disk.
E.g.: c:\>label
md (Make Directory): This command is used to make directory on your disk.
E.g.: c:\>md space file name and press enter key.
c:\>md ram press enter key.
Cd (create directory): This command is used to create directory.
E.g.: c:\>cd space filename (directory) press enter key.
c:\>cd hari press enter key.
rd (remove directory): This command is used to remove directory.
E.g.: c:\>rd space filename (directory) press enter key.
c:\>rd hari press enter key.
Note: To remove directory first of all look at the directory weather it is empty or not. If it is not empty then first empty the directory and do the remove directory.
Fc (file combination): This command is used to combine two files each other.
E.g.: c:\>fc space filename space other filename.
c:\>fc kunal hari press enter key.
Copy: This command is used to copy files from one to another file.
E.g.: c:\>copy space filename space other filename press enter key.
c:\>copy hari sony press enter key.
Edit: This is an external Ms-Dos command, which is used to edit the file, to create by using copy con.
E.g.: c:\>edit space filename press enter key.
c:\>edit hari press enter key.
Then papers edit screen.
File, Edit, Search, View and Option.
Cursor Movement commands:
Home key: Move to the start of the current line.
End key: Move to the end of the current line.
Page up key: Scroll up one screen.
Page down key: Scroll down one screen.
Up arrow: Move one line up.
Down arrow: Move one line down.
Right arrow: Move one character right.
Left arrow: Move one character left.
Editing commands:
Enter key: Start a new line.
Delete key: Delete the character that the cursor is on.
Backspace: Delete the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl + y: Delete the current’s line add your new message.
To save file:
- Go to file menu using by press Alt + F.
- Select save or just press S.
To exit from edit:
- Go to file menu.
- Select exit or just press X.
Move: This is an external Ms-Dos command, which is used to moves one or mores one or more files to the location you specify. This move command can also be used to rename directories.
How to move one directory to another directory:
E.g.: c:\>move space old directory name space new directory name press enter key.
c:\>move hari shyam press enter key.
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